How much do founders typically own after Series A?

After a typical seed + Series A, founders collectively own 40–55% of fully diluted shares. Two-founder teams often each end with 18–25% post–Series A, depending on round sizes and option pool top-ups.

What is option pool top-up?

Most institutional term sheets require the company to expand the option pool to a target percentage (typically 10–15%) before the round closes. This top-up comes out of pre-money, diluting existing shareholders but not the new investor — a hidden cost founders often miss.

Pre-money vs post-money option pool — which is better for founders?

Pre-money pool dilutes existing shareholders only. Post-money pool dilutes everyone including the new investor — strictly better for founders. Most term sheets default to pre-money; negotiate post-money where possible, or push for a smaller pool size.

How does a SAFE convert in a priced round?

SAFEs convert into preferred shares at the lower of (a) the valuation cap or (b) the priced round price × discount. Post-money SAFEs (YC standard) fix the new investor's % ownership directly, simplifying the math but causing more dilution if multiple SAFEs stack. This simulator doesn't model SAFEs — talk to us for full SAFE conversion analysis.

What's a typical Series A dilution?

Series A rounds typically dilute existing shareholders by 18–25% (lead takes 15–20%, plus option pool top-up of 5–10%). Pre-money valuations cluster around $15–40M for software companies in 2025–2026, but reach $100M+ for top AI/infrastructure startups.

Should I model multiple rounds before raising?

Yes. Founders often optimize for the next round and accept dilution they regret three rounds later. Model your full path to Series C: a smaller seed at lower valuation can leave you with less ownership at exit than a slightly larger seed at higher valuation, depending on how Series A/B/C play out.

Free Tool

Cap Table Dilution Simulator

Model how seed, Series A, and beyond change your ownership. Stack multiple rounds with option pool top-ups to see what you end up with.

Starting cap table

Founders & common (%)

Option pool (%)

Funding rounds

Pre-money ($M)

Raise ($M)

Pool top-up to (%)

Pre-money ($M)

Raise ($M)

Pool top-up to (%)

Pre-money ($M)

Raise ($M)

Pool top-up to (%)

Final cap table after all rounds

Stakeholder	Ownership
Founders & common	35.7%
Option pool	10.0%
Investors (all rounds)	54.3%

Round-by-round

Round	Pre / Post	New investor	Founder	Pool
Seed	$10.0M / $13.0M	23.1%	64.9%	12.0%
Series A	$30.0M / $40.0M	25.0%	48.0%	10.0%
Series B	$100.0M / $130.0M	23.1%	35.7%	10.0%

Simplified model. Assumes pool top-ups come from pre-money (standard term). Does not model anti-dilution provisions, SAFE conversions, or pro-rata participation.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How much do founders typically own after Series A?: After a typical seed + Series A, founders collectively own 40–55% of fully diluted shares. Two-founder teams often each end with 18–25% post-Series A.
What is option pool top-up?: Most institutional term sheets require the company to expand the option pool to a target percentage (typically 10–15%) before the round closes. This top-up comes out of pre-money, diluting existing shareholders but not the new investor.
Pre-money vs post-money option pool — which is better?: Pre-money pool dilutes existing shareholders only. Post-money pool dilutes everyone including the new investor — strictly better for founders. Most term sheets default to pre-money; negotiate post-money where possible.
What's a typical Series A dilution?: Series A typically dilutes existing shareholders by 18–25% (lead takes 15–20%, plus option pool top-up of 5–10%).

Keep learning

Glossary

Cap Table Dilution Simulator

Frequently Asked Questions

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SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity)

Cap Table

Spend Guardrails

Pre-money SAFE

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